Idea Development
Topic – rather broad
Focus – more narrow
Genre – types of writing:
·
Fiction
o
Novel
o
Short story
o
Poetry
o
Comic strip/book
o
Movie
o
Cartoon
o
Song
o
Etc.
·
Non-fiction
o
Essay
o
Case study
o
Lab report
o
News article
o
Blog
o
Scholarly article
·
Both and/or neither
o
Correspondence
§
Emails
§
Text messages
§
Business letters
o
Personal references
§
Curriculum Vitae
§
Resumes
o
Personal records
§
Diaries
§
Journals
About research:
Secondary research: published information (electronic & print)
including government reports,
pamphlets from
organizations and businesses, websites, books, magazines, journals, newspapers,
as well as audio/visual (AV) radio and television broadcasts, documentaries,
and films.
Primary research: interviews, court transcripts, personal experience,
copies of correspondence,
references, and records, as well as surveys and
experiments.
Collaboration: a kind of primary research involving sharing ideas,
gleaning valuable information and
insight, integrating feedback, etc.
Grammar: Reported Speech
Reported speech
·
No quotes
·
Three forms:
o
subject + verb + that… [She claims that…]
o
subject + verb + direct object + that… [This supported the opinion
that…]
call for, contradict, describe, discuss, encourage, endorse, examine, express, illustrate, present, refute, reject, support
o
subject + verb + indirect object + that… [This showed us that…]
inform, urge, warn
* subject + question + whether/if/question word [She questions whether...]
question, ask
·
Different rhetorical purposes:
o
Expressing agreement – shows the author
accepts the statement
acknowledge, agree, support, endorse
o
Making a claim – simply states as a fact
argue, assert, believe, claim, conclude, emphasize, insist, maintain, observe, reveal, stress, think
o
Making a suggestion – a possible act or
belief weakly supported
imply, suggest
o
Questioning or disagreeing – shows the
author doesn’t accept the statement
contend, contradict, deny, dispute, question, refute, reject
o
Making a recommendation – a possible act
or belief strongly supported
call for, caution, demand, encourage, recommend, urge, warn
o Making a neutral observation – merely noted as something that happened
comment, describe, discuss, examine, express, illustrate, inform, observe, present, report, state
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